The colonization frequency and the dominant fungi percentage of these endophytic fungi. Isolation and identification of endophytic fungi from various. In exchange for carbohydrate energy resources, the fungus provides benefits to the plant which can include increased water or nutrient uptake and protection from. Endophytic fungi are ubiquitous organisms found in the plants, residing intercellular or intracellular, at least for a portion of their lives without causing apparent symptoms of infection.
The isolates were grouped into 35 distinct operational taxonomic units, based on the sequence of the internal transcribed spacer regions in the rrna gene. They have isolated 105 endophytic fungi from these unripe fruits, from 29 taxa, at a rate of 68. From the two methods used for the isolation of endophytic fungi, method 2 showed better growth of endophytes compared to method 1. Hostspecificity was observed for few of the fungal endophytes isolated from two of the seven medicinal plants table 2. A total of 19 endophytic fungal species were isolated from 400 segments of both leaf and stem tissues of n. It also considersand their medicinal applications especially in the production of anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antiviral compounds.
This was the first study to evaluate their cytotoxic and antitumour activities against brine shrimp and five types of tumour cells. Distribution of endophytic fungi in leaves of azadirachta. Plant use of endophytic fungi in defense wikipedia. Diversity of endophytic fungi associated with the medicinally. Endophytic fungi have been creating a considerable interest and curiosity among researchers since past three decades globally, owing to their recognition as an inexhaustible source of structurally and biologically novel compounds, alternative source of metabolites functionally identical to plant produced metabolites and their ability to impart. Therefore, it is important to survey endophytic mycoflora in the medicinal plants. Endophytic fungi diversity of wild terrestrial plants in kyrgyzstan tinatin doolotkeldieva, saykal bobusheva kyrgyzturkish manas university, 56 prospect mira, 720044, bishkek, kyrgyz republic. Nov 24, 2012 endophytic fungi have been creating a considerable interest and curiosity among researchers since past three decades globally, owing to their recognition as an inexhaustible source of structurally and biologically novel compounds, alternative source of metabolites functionally identical to plant produced metabolites and their ability to impart resistance in host plants against various biotic. A friendly relationship between endophytic fungi and. Of 582 pure isolates obtained, 360 morphologically distinct fungi were selected for cultivation on malt czapek broth and yeast extract sucrose broth, from which extracts were tested for biological activity. Endophytic fungi isolated from medicinal plants of p.
Endophytic fungi residing in medicinal plants have the. Diversity of endophytic fungi from the ornamental plant adenium obesum. Pdf lovastatinproducing endophytic fungus isolated from. Sensitivity was found to vary among the microorganisms. In the current study, seven bacterial and five fungal endophytes were isolated from medicinal plant of t. Biocontrol potential of endophytic fungi in medicinal plants. Pdf bioprospecting of novel and bioactive metabolites. Fungi growing on plant segments were isolated and identified based on morphological and molecular characteristics. Endophytic fungi and their metabolites isolated from indian. Plant use of endophytic fungi in defense occurs when endophytic fungi, which live symbiotically with the majority of plants by entering their cells, often fungus or bacteruim, are utilized as an indirect defense against herbivores. Exploring the potential of endophytes from medicinal plants. Endophytic fungi were first isolated from the fresh root of the chinese medicinal plant vernonia anthelmintica collected from the hotan prefecture within the xinjiang autonomous region of the peoples republic of china.
An endophytic fungus phomopsis vexans was isolated from the healthy leaf tissues of solanum xanthocarpum, a medicinal plant, and screened for lovastatin production. The screening of antimicrobial activity against grampositive bacteria, gramnegative bacteria, yeast and fungi was carried out on isopropanol extracts prepared from 121 isolates of endophytic fungi isolated from medicinal plants in malaysia. Endophytic fungi isolated from different medicinal plants, azadirachta indica, citrus limon, gossypium hirsutum, magnolia champaca, datura stramonium, piper betle, phyllanthus emblica collected from the in k. Screening the antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi. The fungus was identified by their characteristic cultural morphology and molecular analysis.
Medicinal plants have been used for thousands of years in folk medicines and still are used for their health benefits. Exploring the capacity of endophytic fungi isolated from medicinal. The aim of this study was to examine endophytic fungi in traditional chinese medicinal plants, and understand if these organisms have antimicrobial activities and they can be potentially used for biological control of plant diseases. Antibacterial and antioxidant potential of endophytic fungi. Sterile form 1, 3 and 7 could not be detected from herbswhereassterileform2and 6werenot noticed in shrubs. Extracellular enzymatic activities of endophytic fungi. Diverse fungal species live inside plant tissues, some of which presumably occur in a mutualistic association. Medicinal plants are reported to harbour endophytes strobel 2002b, which in turn provide protection to their host from infectious agents and also provide adaptability to survive in adverse environmental conditions. Since the isolation of paclitaxel in 1993 from an endophytic fungus of pacific yew. Molecular characterization and analysis of antimicrobial.
Extracellular enzymatic activity of endophytic fungal strains. Pdf endophytic fungi residing in medicinal plants have the ability. Endophytes are those organisms that colonize the living internal tissues of their hosts without causing any visible symptoms. Materials and methods sample collection fresh leaf, stem and root samples of m. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of endophytic fungi. Therefore, in present survey of endophytic fungi isolated from ten medicinal plants from gujarat region have variations in endophytes and their relative percentage occurrence. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify the endophytic bacteria associated with g. Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical analysis of crude. Diversity and characterization of endophytic fungi. Endophytic fungi are a group of fungi which grow inside the plant tissues without causing negative symptoms to the host plant and are able to produce biologically active substances. Pdf extraction, purification and characterization of. Antimicrobial activity of bacterial endophytes from. Isolation and identification of endophytic fungi from.
Endophytic fungi are an important component of plant microbiota, and have the excellent capacity for producing a broad variety of bioactive metabolites. Hostspeci city was observed for few of the fungal endophytes isolated from two of the seven medicinal plants table. Medicinal plants are known to harbor endophytic fungi that are believed to be associated with the production of pharmaceutical commodities. Exploring the capacity of endophytic fungi isolated from medicinal plants for fermentation and. This study was conducted to isolate lasparaginaseproducing endophytic fungi from medicinal plants of family asteraceae. In the present investigation ten medicinal plants were analyzed for the presence of endophytic fungi. Multiloci molecular characterisation of endophytic fungi. Diversity of endophytic fungi associated with some medicinal.
Pdf endophytic fungi are ubiquitous organisms found in the plants, residing. Copyright mushroom research foundation 2016 diversity of. Endophytic fungi were isolated from seven medicinal plant species during monsoon and winter seasons, respectively. The present study investigated endophytic fungi isolated from orchids, which offer a great opportunity to discover new resources and bioactive compounds or enzymes with high biotechnological potential. Apr 07, 2018 the term endophytes includes a family of microorganisms that grow intraandor intercellularly in the tissues of higher plants without any symptoms on the plants in which they reside. The percentage occurrence of endophytic fungi varies with the host plants. These bioactive metabolites not only affect the survival of the host plant, but also provide valuable lead compounds for novel drug discovery. After which they were surface sterilized by submerging them in 75% ethanol for 2 min. Endophytic fungi from medicinal plant bauhinia forficata. Endophytic fungal diversity in medicinal plants of western. Diversity and antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi.
Endophytic fungi reside in the internal plant tissues and are potential source of the natural products that may be used in the discovery of novel antibacterial, antifungal and antitumor agents. Pdf plant growth promotion and antimicrobial study of. These endophytic fungi produced a wide range of industrially important bioactive compounds table 11. Isolation of endophytic fungi and screening of huperzine a. Ninetyfive endophytic fungal were isolated 18 from leaves, 22 from sepals. Extracellular enzymatic activity of endophytic fungal. The samples were rinsed gently in running water to remove dust and debris. Endophytic fungi from medicinal plants of virudhunagar district for antimicrobial activity. Endophytic fungi from the chinese medicinal plant actinidia macrosperma were isolated and identified for the first time. The endophytes were isolated from four medicinal plants viz. One of the most successful stories of natural products from endophytes is the multibilliondollar anticancer drug taxol paclitaxel.
The endophytic fungi may have the metabolic machinery to produce plant growth regulators and thereby promote seed germination in crop plants bhagobaty and joshi 2009. An increasing number of compounds with antibacterial activity are being isolated from endophytic fungi, including fumitremorgins b isolated from phomopsis sp. Colletotrichum dematium, nigrospora oryzae, heinesia rubi, pestalotiopsis guepinii, and unidentified red pycnidial form were isolated from the stem segments of t. Biological activity of endophytic fungi from the roots of. Several fungal endophytes have been isolated from a variety of plant species which have proved as a rich source of bioactive. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of endophytic fungi extracts of. Results endophytic fungi endophytic fungi were isolated from healthy, symptomless leaf and stem segments of n. This claim was supported by the findings of a group of chinese researchers who isolated endophytic fungi from several chinese medicinal plants, and further tested the antitumor and antifungal activities from their extracts.
This was the first study to evaluate their cytotoxic and antitumour activities against brine shrimp and five types of tumour cells, respectively. Since many of the fungi isolated from plants are expected to be novel, it is padhi et al endophytic fungi with great promises. Investigations of endophytes from this plant revealed that some fungi, such as taxomyces. Endophytic fungi were isolated from endemic medicinal plants of tirumala hills by the procedure of standardized and modified method described by hallman et al. The compound was initially isolated from the pacific yew tree, taxus brevifolia wani et al. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of endophytic.
Adathoda zeylanica clarke and bennet, coleus aromaticus benth, myrica nagi thunb and vitex nugundo linn. Older parts of endemic plant cordemoya integrifolia such as leaves, petioles were colonized higher by fungal endophytes than comparatively younger leaves. Exploring the potential of endophytes from medicinal plants as. Endophytes are bacteria or fungi which live inside the host plant and participate in many biological processes without causing disease or other advers. Isolation and characterization of endophytic fungi from isachne globosa, a common rice weed found in sri lanka dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the module bt 3064 experimental plant biotechnology b.
Fungal endophytes were isolated from healthy plant parts such as stem, root, rhizome, and inflorescence employing standard isolation methods. Endophytic fungi isolated from medicinal plant trichilia elegans a. Exploitation of novel classes of antimicrobial metabolites is increasingly noticeable over. These isolated inhibit growing of pathogenic bacteria s. Medicinal plants are a rich source of natural products used to treat many. A total of two endophytic fungi were isolated from healthly leaves of euphorbia hirta l. Research article endophytic fungal diversity in medicinal. Endophytic fungi exhibit a complex web of interactions with host plants and have been extensively studied over the last several years as prolific sources of new bioactive natural products. The present study examined anti bacterial and antioxidant potential of endophytic fungi isolated from two mangrove plants. Onehundred and thirtytwo endophytic strains were isolated from 18 medicinal plants from saint katherine protectorate, egypt. Endophytic fungi from medicinal plants wiyakrutta et al. Special types of endophytic fungi of medicinal plants may be associated with the production of specific bioactive compounds needed by human. The edophtic fungi selected for this study were aspergillus flavus, botryodiplodia theobromae, cladosporium cladosporioides, fusarium sp. In general, most endophyte research has been conducted on medicinal plants due to their ability to produce bioactive compounds.
Pdf endophytic fungi of some medicinal plants in egypt. Accepted 02 december, 2014 a total of 255 species of wild medicinal plants were analyzed in northern and northeastern kyrgyzstan. A total of seven endophytic fungi were isolated from the medicinal plant phyllanthus reticulatus poir. From the limonia acidissima plant parts root, stem bark and leaves 31 isolates were obtained and out of that 3 endophytic fungi aspergillus flavus fr14, aspergillus fumigatus fs11 and aspergillus flavus fl3 were studied. The appropriate selection of host plants is important to increase the chances of isolation of novel endophytes which may produce new bioactive metabolites ratklao, 20. Preliminary screening of endophytic fungi from medicinal. Antimicrobial activity of crude extracts of endophytic.
Endophytic fungi and their metabolites isolated from. Isolation and screening of extracellular enzymatic. Endophytes are ubiquitous and have been found in all species of plants studied to date. These microorganisms can be useful for prospectionof bioactive compounds that may have medical and pharmaceutical applications. In this study, fortytwo endophytic filamentous fungi were isolated from ficus elastica leaves, and.
Biodiversity and antimicrobial activity of endophytes. Pdf diversity and biopotential of endophytic fungal flora. Antimicrobial activities of endophytic fungi isolated from. A total of 153 endophytic fungi were isolated from 94 fresh plants and purified from 1974 tissue segments stems, leaves, and roots of. A total of 81 thai medicinal plant species collected from forests in four geographical regions of thailand were examined for the presence of endophytic fungi with biological activity. Some fungal endophytes are widespread and can be found in many different plant species, whereas others are highly specific to single. The endophytic fungi were subcultured on pda medium. Many medicinal plants possess antimicrobial activities, and have antagonistic endophytic fungi that help them protect from pathogen attack. Endophytic fungi with antimicrobial, anticancer and anti. A total of 25 morphologically distinct endophytic fungi were isolated. Abstract endophytes are microorganisms which inhabit inside plants. In our days medicinal plants are exploited for the isolation of plantderived drugs as they are very effective and have relatively less or no side effects. Antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from.
The recent work was conducted to isolate and identify endophytic fungi from the three medicinal plants papaver. Jun 09, 2016 interestingly, genuine medicinal materials with the highest quality and best effects to a certain disease seems to have a special relationship with endophytic fungi. Isolation and identification of lasparaginaseproducing. An endophyte is an endosymbiont, often a bacterium or fungus, that lives within a plant for at least part of its life cycle without causing apparent disease. Indeed several interesting metabolites isolated from endophytic fungi belong to diverse chemical classes, including. In vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activity of. Diversity and biopotential of endophytic fungal flora isolated from eight medicinal plants of uttar pradesh, india.
Previous studies have reported the isolation and identification of endophytic fungi and bacteria from medicinal plants such as cressa cretica, achillea. Endophytic fungi diversity of wild terrestrial plants in. Endophytic fungi from medicinal plants of virudhunagar district for antimicrobial activity 148 isolation of endophytic fungi leaves were thoroughly washed with mild detergent and running tap water and then airdried. Alternariatenuissima, colletotrichum truncatum, and alternaria sp. Attention has been directed towards medicinal plants as these plants have been traditionally used for. Cephalotaxus hainanensis li is well known for leukaemia treatment and its endophytic fungi were isolated to investigate the diversity and antimicrobial activity. Endophytic fungi had been previously isolated from leaves, stems and roots of a wide variety of plants in the temperate regions 68. The present study was carried out to isolate, identify of endophytic fungi which are isolated from different. Endophytic fungal diversity in medicinal plants of western ghats. Pdf bioactive metabolites from the endophytic fungus.
Plant growthpromoting activities for bacterial and fungal. From the year 1999 to 2010 there has been an upsurge in us patents registered on fungal endophytes, which are capable of producing important secondary metabolites. Diversity and taxonomy of endophytic xylariaceous fungi from. Joshi microbiology laboratory, department of biotechnology and bioinformatics, northeastern hill university, umshing, shillong 793. Isolation and characterization of endophytic fungi from. To our knowledge, this is the first report concerning the isolation of putative bacterial and fungal endophytes associated with this medicinal plant and characterization these endophytes as pgpe. Diversity and taxonomy of endophytic xylariaceous fungi from medicinal plants of dendrobium orchidaceae juan chen1, lichun zhang1, yongmei xing1, yunqiang wang2, xiaoke xing1, dawei zhang1, han. Antimicrobial activity of crude extracts of endophytic fungi. A total of 25 fungal species were isolated from healthy leaves and identified based on the morphology of. Furthermore, bioprospe ction of natural prod ucts synthesize d by endophytes. An endophytic fungus can be isolated from diverse plant species belonging to different families and plant groups under various ecological and geographical conditions petrini, 1996.
Fungal enzymes are one of them which are used in food, beverages, confectionaries, textiles and leather industries to simplify the processing of raw materials. Lovastatin is a potent drug for lowering blood cholesterol. Seven healthy medicinal plants from family asteraceae were selected for the isolation of endophytic fungi using standard surface sterilization techniques. A total of 81 thai medicinal plant species collected from forests were examined for the presence of endophytic fungi with biological activity. Gond sk, mishra a, sharma vk, verma sk, kumar j, kharwar rn, kumar a 2012 diversity and antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from nyctanthes arbortristis, a wellknown medicinal plant of india.
Molecular phylogenetic identification of endophytic fungi. Several decades of research and numerous articles on endophytic fungi in plants have resulted in a surfeit of knowledge of the group. In the present study, we report endophytic phoma species isolated from tinospora cordifolia and calotropis procera and their positive effect on growth enhancement of zea mays. Antibacterial and antifungal potential of endophytic fungi. Assessment of diversity, distribution and antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from a medicinal plant adenocalymma alliaceum miers. Endophytic fungi from medicinal plants are an important source of novel and viable drugs. A total of 9 endophytic fungal isolates derived from 20 medicinal and aromatic. Isolation, characterization, and bioactivity of endophytic. Isolate sequence analyzed ncbi gene bank accession no. Bioactive metabolites from the endophytic fungus ampelomyces sp. Medicinal plants have been studied from the point of view of potential. The endophytic fungi have been isolated from the different medicinal plants. Isolation of endophytic fungi from south african plants. Lasparaginase is an important anticancer enzyme that is used in the first line treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
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